Mathematics, often abbreviated as MATHS, is the study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns. It involves understanding and applying abstract concepts and logical reasoning to solve problems. Mathematics is divided into several key areas, each with its own focus:

1. Arithmetic: The study of basic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
2. Algebra: Deals with symbols and the rules for manipulating those symbols to solve equations and understand abstract relationships.
3. Geometry: Focuses on the properties and relationships of shapes, sizes, and the dimensions of objects.
4. Trigonometry: Studies the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles.
5. Calculus: Explores change and motion through derivatives and integrals. It is divided into differential calculus and integral calculus.
6. Statistics: Involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to understand patterns and make predictions.
7. Number Theory: Examines the properties and relationships of integers, including concepts like primes and divisibility.
8. Combinatorics: Focuses on counting, arranging, and combining objects in specific ways.
9. Linear Algebra: Studies vectors, vector spaces, and linear equations.
10. Probability: Assesses the likelihood of events occurring and is used to make predictions and decisions in uncertain situations.